Acquisition · Ben Buzz · Dec 16, 2025

MCA Enhances Merger Framework for Startups and Small Companies

This exemption applies specifically to unlisted firms with debts under INR 200 crore, allowing them to restructure more efficiently and cost-effectively. The initiative is designed to enhance the flexibility of startups and small enterprises in adapting to market demands and pursuing growth strategies through mergers and acquisitions.

The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has expanded the fast track merger framework, aiming to facilitate easier restructuring for startups and small companies. This move is set to significantly impact the domestic corporate ecosystem by lowering barriers to mergers and acquisitions (M&A) for smaller firms.

Streamlined Merger Processes for Startups

Under the newly expanded framework, startups and small companies can now pursue certain types of mergers without the need for approval from the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT). This exemption applies specifically to unlisted firms with debts under INR 200 crore, allowing them to restructure more efficiently and cost-effectively. The initiative is designed to enhance the flexibility of startups and small enterprises in adapting to market demands and pursuing growth strategies through mergers and acquisitions.

Additionally, the framework includes provisions for foreign holding companies with Indian subsidiaries, facilitating smoother reverse flipping for startups. This process allows Indian startups to re-domicile or change their corporate structure more seamlessly, aligning with international business strategies.

Regulatory Approvals and International Considerations

While the framework eases several processes, it still mandates Reserve Bank of India (RBI) approval for specific mergers and acquisitions, particularly those involving international entities. By targeting startups, small companies, and subsidiaries, the MCA aims to strengthen the domestic corporate ecosystem while ensuring compliance with financial regulations.

The changes are expected to democratize M&A activities, making them more accessible to startups and small businesses. This democratization is facilitated by technological advancements that lower entry barriers for entrepreneurs, allowing them to pursue acquisitions as a viable growth strategy.

Acqui-Hire Strategy and Entrepreneurship Through Acquisition

The expanded framework also supports the increasing popularity of the acqui-hire strategy, particularly among mid-sized startups. This approach involves acquiring companies primarily for their talent or technology, rather than for their products or market share. By simplifying the M&A process for smaller deals, the framework encourages entrepreneurship through acquisition (ETA), a concept gaining traction among founders looking to scale their businesses through strategic acquisitions.

Startups are increasingly viewing M&A as a feasible growth strategy, dispelling the myth that mergers and acquisitions are only for large corporations. The revised framework highlights that founders can effectively use acquisition as a strategic tool to enhance their competitive edge and accelerate growth.

Impact on the Startup Ecosystem

Overall, the MCA's enhancements to the merger framework are set to create a more vibrant and dynamic startup ecosystem in India. By simplifying the re-domicile process for Indian startups and making M&A activities more manageable, the framework empowers smaller firms to compete on a level playing field with their larger counterparts.

The changes reflect a broader trend towards leveraging technology to facilitate business processes, ultimately lowering barriers for entrepreneurs and fostering innovation within the corporate landscape. As startups and small businesses gain greater access to M&A opportunities, the domestic market is likely to witness increased consolidation and collaboration, driving economic growth and development.

The enhanced merger framework by MCA marks a pivotal step in supporting the growth and evolution of startups and small companies in India. By streamlining processes and reducing bureaucratic hurdles, the initiative paves the way for a more inclusive and competitive business environment.

FAQs

What types of mergers can startups pursue without NCLT approval?
Startups can merge without NCLT approval for one specific type of merger under the new framework.
What is the debt exemption limit for unlisted firms under the new merger framework?
The debt exemption limit for unlisted firms is set at 200 Crore INR, allowing them to restructure without NCLT approval.
Which entities are targeted for mergers and acquisitions under the enhanced framework?
The framework specifically targets three types of entities: startups, small companies, and subsidiaries.
How does the new framework affect the acqui-hire strategy?
The framework simplifies the M&A process, encouraging mid-sized startups to adopt the acqui-hire strategy for talent acquisition.
What is the expected impact of the enhanced merger framework on the startup ecosystem?
The enhancements are expected to create a more vibrant startup ecosystem by lowering barriers and facilitating easier access to M&A opportunities.
Is RBI approval required for all mergers under the new framework?
Yes, RBI approval is still required for specific mergers and acquisitions, especially those involving international entities.
What is the main goal of the MCA's enhanced merger framework?
The main goal is to democratize M&A activities, making them more accessible to startups and small businesses, thereby fostering innovation.